The sharp increase in the number of new COVID-19 cases in late 2021 and early 2022, which is associated with the spread of a new strain of coronavirus - omicron - is of great concern and makes it necessary to make at least approximate forecasts for the pandemic dynamics of the epidemic. As this rapid growth occurs even in countries with high levels of vaccinations, the question arises as to their effectiveness. The smoothed daily number of new cases and deaths per capita and the ratio of these characteristics were used to reveal the appearance of new coronavirus strains and to estimate the effectiveness of quarantine, testing and vaccination. The third year of the pandemic allowed us to compare the pandemic dynamics in the period from September 2020 to January 2021 with the same period one year later for Ukraine, EU, the UK, USA, India, Brazil, South Africa, Argentina, Australia, and in the whole world. Record numbers of new cases registered in late 2021 and early 2022 once again proved that existing vaccines cannot prevent new infections, and vaccinated people can spread the infection as intensively as non-vaccinated ones. Fortunately, the daily number of new cases already diminishes in EU, the UK, USA, South Africa, and Australia. In late January - early February 2022,the maximum averaged numbers of new cases are expected in Brazil, India, EU, and worldwide. Omicron waves can increase the numbers of deaths per capita, but in highly vaccinated countries, the deaths per case ratio significantly decreases.
Background The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including among those who have received 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccines, increased substantially following the emergence of Omicron in Ontario, Canada. Methods Applying the test- negative study design to linked provincial databases, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection and severe outcomes (hospitalization or death) caused by Omicron or Delta between December 6 and 26, 2021. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effectiveness of 2 or 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses by time since the latest dose, compared to unvaccinated individuals. Results We included 16,087 Omicron-positive cases, 4,261 Delta- positive cases, and 114,087 test-negative controls. VE against symptomatic Delta infection declined from 89% (95%CI, 86-92%) 7-59 days after a second dose to 80% (95%CI, 74-84%) after ≥240 days, but increased to 97% (95%CI, 96-98%) ≥7 days after a third dose. VE against symptomatic Omicron infection was only 36% (95%CI, 24-45%) 7-59 days after a second dose and provided no protection after ≥180 days, but increased to 61% (95%CI, 56-65%) ≥7 days after a third dose. VE against severe outcomes was very high following a third dose for both Delta and Omicron (99% [95%CI, 98-99%] and 95% [95%CI, 87-98%], respectively). Conclusions In contrast to high levels of protection against both symptomatic infection and severe outcomes caused by Delta, our results suggest that 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccines only offer modest and short- term protection against symptomatic Omicron infection. A third dose improves protection against symptomatic infection and provides excellent protection against severe outcomes for both variants.
Background The increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections in December 2021 in the United States was driven primarily by the Omicron variant which largely displaced the Delta over a three week span. Outcomes from infection with the Omicron remain uncertain. We evaluate whether clinical outcomes and viral loads differ between Delta and Omicron infections during the period when both variants were co-circulating. Methods Remnant clinical specimens from patients that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after standard of care testing between the last week of November and the end of December 2021were used for whole viral genome sequencing. Cycle threshold values (Ct) for viral RNA, the presence of infectious virus, and levels of respiratory IgG were measured, and clinical outcomes were obtained. Differences in each measure were compared between variants stratified by vaccination status. Results The Omicron variant displaced the Delta during the study period and constituted 95% of the circulating lineages by the end of December 2021. Patients with Omicron infections (N= 1121) were more likely to be vaccinated compared to patients with Delta (N = 910), but were less likely to be admitted, require ICU level care, or succumb to infection regardless of vaccination status. There was no significant difference in Ct values based on the lineage regardless of the vaccination status. Recovery of infectious virus in cell culture was reduced in boosted patients compared to fully vaccinated without a booster and unvaccinated when infected with the Delta lineage. However, in patients with Omicron infections, recovery of infectious virus was not affected by vaccination. Conclusions Omicron infections of vaccinated individuals are expected, yet admissions are less frequent. Admitted patients might develop severe disease comparable to Delta. Efforts for reducing the Omicron transmission are required as even though the admission risk is lower, the numbers of infections continue to be high.
Importance Information about the severity of Omicron is scarce. Objective To report the respective risk of ICU admission in patients hospitalized with Delta and Omicron variants and to compare the characteristics and disease severity of critically ill patients infected with both variants according to vaccination status. Design Analysis from the APHP database, called Reality, prospectively recording the following information in consecutive patients admitted in the ICU for COVID-19: age, sex, type of variant, immunosuppression, vaccination, pneumonia, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, time between symptom onset and ICU admission, and in-ICU mortality. Retrospective analysis on an administrative database, Systeme Information pour le Suivi des Victimes (SI-VIC), which lists hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Setting 39 hospitals in the Paris area from APHP group. Participants Patients hospitalized from December 1, 2021 to January 18, 2022 for COVID-19. Main outcomes and measures Risk of ICU admission was evaluated in 3761 patients and Omicron cases were compared to Delta cases in the ICU in 888 consecutive patients. Results On January 18, 45% of patients in the ICU and 63.8% of patients in conventional hospital units were infected with the Omicron variant (p < 0.001). The risk of ICU admission with Omicron was reduced by 64% than with Delta (9.3% versus 25.8% of cases, respectively, p < 0.001). In critically ill patients, 400 had the Delta variant, 229 the Omicron variant, 98 had an uninformative variant screening test and 161 did not have information on variant screening test. 747 patients (84.1%) were admitted for pneumonia. Compared to patients infected with Delta, Omicron patients were more vaccinated (p<0.001), even with 3 doses, more immunocompromised (p<0.001), less admitted for pneumonia (p<0.001), especially when vaccinated (62.1% in vaccinated versus 80.7% in unvaccinated, p<0.001), and less invasively ventilated (p=0.02). Similar results were found in the subgroup of pneumonia but Omicron cases were older. Unadjusted in-ICU mortality did not differ between Omicron and Delta cases, neither in the overall population (20.0% versus 27.9%, p = 0.08), nor in patients with pneumonia (31.6% versus 29.7%, respectively) where adjusted in-ICU mortality did not differ according to the variant (HR 1.43 95%CI [0.89;2.29], p=0.14). Conclusion and relevance Compared to the Delta variant, the Omicron variant is less likely to result in ICU admission and less likely to be associated with pneumonia. However, when patients with the Omicron variant are admitted for pneumonia, the severity seems similar to that of patients with the Delta variant, with more immunocompromised and vaccinated patients and no difference in adjusted in-ICU mortality. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
In the present study, serum samples of 20 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from Brazil who were infected by the earlier SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33, and by the variant of concern (VOC) Gamma (P.1) were tested by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) with wild isolates of a panel of SARS-CoV-2 lineages, including B.1, Zeta, N.10, and the VOCs Gamma, Alpha, and Delta that emerged in different timeframes of the pandemic. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate if serum of COVID-19 patients infected by earlier lineages of SARS-CoV-2 were capable to neutralize recently emerged VOCs, and if PRNT90 is a reliable serologic method to distinguish infections caused by different SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Overall, sera collected from the day of admittance to the hospital to 21 days after diagnostic of patients infected by the two earlier lineages B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 presented neutralizing capacity for all challenged VOCs, including Gamma and Delta, that were the most prevalent VOCs in Brazil. Among all variants tested, Delta and N.10 presented the lowest mean of neutralizing antibody titers, and B.1.1.7, presented the highest titers. Four patients infected with Gamma, that emerged in December 2020, presented neutralizing antibodies for B.1, B.1.1.33 and B.1.1.28, its ancestor lineage. All of them had neutralizing antibodies under the level of detection for the VOC Delta. Interestingly, patients infected by B.1.1.28 presented very similar mean of neutralizing antibody titers for both B.1.1.33 and B.1.1.28. Findings presented here indicate that most patients infected in early stages of COVID-19 pandemic presented neutralizing antibodies up to 21 days after diagnostic capable to neutralize wild types of all recently emerged VOCs in Brazil, and that the PRNT90 it is not a reliable serologic method to distinguish natural infections caused by different SARS-CoV-2 lineages.
Abstract Background The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection poses substantial challenges to public health. In England, “plan B” mitigation measures were introduced in December 2021 including increased home working and face coverings in shops, but stopped short of restrictions on social contacts. The impact of voluntary risk mitigation behaviours on future SARS-CoV-2 burden is unknown. Methods We developed a rapid online survey of risk mitigation behaviours during the winter 2021 festive period and deployed in two longitudinal cohort studies in the UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and TwinsUK/Covid Symptom Study (CSS) Biobank) in December 2021. Using an individual-based, probabilistic model of COVID-19 transmission between social contacts with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant parameters and realistic vaccine coverage in England, we describe the potential impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron wave in England in terms of the effective reproduction number and cumulative infections, hospital admissions and deaths. Using survey results, we estimated in real-time the impact of voluntary risk mitigation behaviours on the Omicron wave in England, if implemented for the entire epidemic wave. Results Over 95% of survey respondents (N_ALSPAC=2,686 and N_Twins=6,155) reported some risk mitigation behaviours, with being fully vaccinated and using home testing kits the most frequently reported behaviours. Less than half of those respondents reported that their behaviour was due to “plan B”. We estimate that without risk mitigation behaviours, the Omicron variant is consistent with an effective reproduction number between 2.5 and 3.5. Due to the reduced vaccine effectiveness against infection with the Omicron variant, our modelled estimates suggest that between 55% and 60% of the English population could be infected during the current wave, translating into between 15,000 and 46,000 cumulative deaths, depending on assumptions about vaccine effectiveness. We estimate that voluntary risk reduction measures could reduce the effective reproduction number to between 1.8 and 2.2 and reduce the cumulative number of deaths by up to 24%. Conclusions We conclude that voluntary measures substantially reduce the projected impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, but that voluntary measures alone would be unlikely to completely control transmission.
Cross-disciplinary openness and transparency of research plays an important role in scientific progress. We evaluated open-science related policies of 19 high ranking health and medical journals before (February 2020) and during (May 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guideline and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) requirements for disclosing conflicts of interest (COIs) were used to audit journal policies. TOP scores slightly improved during the COVID-19 pandemic, from a median of 5 (IQR: 2-12.5) out of a possible 24 points in February 2020 to 7 (IQR: 4-12) in May 2021. Most journals fulfilled all ICMJE provisions for reporting COIs before (84%; n=16) and during (95%; n=18) the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of practising open science, however adherence to open science standards in audited policies was low overall, which may reduce progress in health and medical research.
Successive waves of infection by SARS-CoV-2 have left little doubt that this virus will transition to an endemic disease 1,2. Projections of the endemic seasonality of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are crucial to informed public health policy 3. Such projections are not only essential to well-timed interventions and the preparation of healthcare systems for synchronous surges with other respiratory viruses 4, but also to the elimination of seasonality as a confounder in the identification of surges that are occurring due to viral evolution, changes in host immunity, or other non-seasonal factors. However, the less than two-year duration of SARS-CoV-2 circulation, pandemic dynamics, and heterogeneous implementation of interventions have grievously complicated evaluations of its seasonality 5. Here we estimate the impending endemic seasonality of SARS-CoV-2 in global population centers via a novel phylogenetic ancestral and descendent states approach 6 that leverages long-term data on the incidence of circulating coronaviruses. Our results validate a major concern that endemic COVID-19 will typically surge coincident with other high-morbidity and -mortality respiratory virus infections such as influenza and RSV 7. In temperate locales in the Northern Hemisphere, we identify spatiotemporal surges of incidences that range from October through January in New York to January through March in Yamagata, Japan. This knowledge of likely spatiotemporal surges of COVID-19 is fundamental to optimal timing of public health interventions that anticipate the impending endemicity of this disease and mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Background: Globally COVID-19 has caused death among millions of people and new cases continue to be reported daily, including in Nigeria. With the efforts of the Nigerian government to ensure everyone gets vaccinated, the vaccination attitude and its predictors among persons with chronic health conditions remains unclear. The study was therefore conducted to assess vaccination attitude and determine its associated factors among people living with chronic health conditions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 patients attending the medical outpatient clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; before COVID-19 vaccination commencement. Data were collected on socio-demographic and COVID-19 related characteristics, via Open Data Kit (ODK) software. The Vaccine Attitude Examination (Vax) Scale including its four subscales was adopted to assess attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The main outcome was vaccine attitude status defined as positive if a VAX sum score was above the median value; otherwise, non-positive. Data were analysed using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses at a 5% significance level. Results: Hypertension (27.4%), diabetes mellitus (22.0%) and heart conditions/diseases (19.6%) were the top three conditions being managed by the participants. The overall proportion of patients with a positive attitude towards the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination was 46.6%; while 29.6% trusted the vaccine benefit, 46.6% were not worried about the aftermath effect of the vaccine and 11.1% were not concerned about the vaccine commercial profiteering. Factors associated with overall vaccine attitude were level of education, income, knowledge of COVID-19, living room arrangement, and confidence in government (p<0.05). The main influential factor on general vaccine positive attitude and the four subscales was confidence in the government. Conclusion: Less than half of people living with a chronic medical condition had a positive attitude towards the COVID vaccine. The attitudes are mediated strongly by confidence in the government and several sociodemographic and COVID related characteristics. A lot still needs to be done to achieve the prescribed herd immunity.
Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have emerged with different infection and disease dynamics. Testing strategies, including clinical diagnosis, surveillance, and screening, have been deployed to help limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Rapid antigen tests, in particular, have been approved for self-testing in many countries and governments are supporting their manufacturing and distribution. However, studies demonstrating the accuracy of rapid antigen tests in detecting SARS- CoV-2 variants, especially the new Omicron variant, are limited. We determined the analytical sensitivity of a CE-marked rapid antigen test against the Omicron, Delta, Alpha and Gamma variants. The rapid antigen test had the most sensitive limit of detection (10 plaque forming units [PFU]/mL) when tested with the Alpha and Gamma variants, followed by the Omicron (100 PFU/mL) and Delta (1,000 PFU/mL) variants. Given the increasing numbers of breakthrough infections and the need to surveil infectiousness, rapid antigen tests are effective public health tools to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants.
This is a protocol for a systematic review to assess fomite transmission in SARS-CoV-2. Our research questions are as follows: 1. Are fomite samples infectious? 2 If so, what proportion are infectious, and what is the distance and duration of infectiousness in the air? 3. What is the relationship between fomites, infectiousness and PCR cycle threshold (Ct)? 4. Is there evidence of a chain of transmission that establishes an actual instance of fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2? We will include studies of any design (and in any setting) that investigate fomite transmission (defined as any inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents, can transfer the agent to a new host). We will only include studies that performed viral culture which assessed cytopathic effect and verification techniques to ensure the cultured virus is SARS-CoV-2. We will assess the risk of bias using a checklist modified from the QUADAS-2 criteria.
NDV-HXP-S is a recombinant Newcastle disease virus based-vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which expresses an optimized (HexaPro) spike protein on its surface. The vaccine can be produced in embryonated chicken eggs using the same process as that employed for the production of influenza virus vaccines. Here we performed a secondary analysis of the antibody responses after vaccination with inactivated NDV-HXP-S in a Phase I clinical study in Thailand. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and spike binding activity of NDV-HXP-S post- vaccination serum samples was compared to that of matched samples from mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccinees. Neutralizing activity of sera from NDV-HXP-S vaccinees was comparable to that of individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2. Interstingly, the spike binding activity of the NDV-HXP-S vaccinee samples was lower than that of sera obtained from individuals vaccinated with the mRNA vaccine. This let us to calculate ratios between binding and neutralizing antibody titers. Samples from NDV-HXP-S vaccinees had binding to neutralizing activity ratios similar to those of convalescent sera suggesting a very high proportion of neutralizing antibodies and low non-neutralizing antibody titers. Further analysis showed that, in contrast to mRNA vaccination, which induces strong antibody titers to the receptor binding domain (RBD), the N-terminal domain, and the S2 domain, NDV-HXP-S vaccination induces a very RBD focused response with little reactivity to S2. This explains the high proportion of neutralizing antibodies since most neutralizing epitopes are located in the RBD. In conclusion, vaccination with inactivated NDV-HXP-S induces a high proportion of neutralizing antibodies and absolute neutralizing antibody titers comparable to those after mRNA vaccination.
Immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible to serious complications from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, have been shown to have excellent clinical efficacy in immunocompetent adults, but diminished activity in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we measured anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, avidity, and surrogate neutralizing antibody activity in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody was present in 89% of AML and 88% of MDS patients, but median antibody levels for were lower than in healthy controls (p=0.001 and p=0.04, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 antibody avidity and neutralizing antibody activity from AML patients were significantly lower than controls (p=0.028 and p=0.002, respectively). There was a trend toward higher anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels after mRNA-1273 vaccination. Antibody avidity was greater in patients after mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 (p=0.01) and there was a trend toward greater neutralizing antibody activity after mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 vaccination.
Background Evidence on the impacts of the pandemic on healthcare presentations for self-harm has accumulated rapidly. However, existing reviews do not include studies published beyond 2020. Aims To systematically review evidence on health services utilisation for self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A comprehensive search of multiple databases (WHO COVID-19 database, Medline, medRxiv, Scopus, PsyRxiv, SocArXiv, bioRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, PubMed) was conducted. Studies reporting presentation frequencies for self-harm published from 1st Jan. 2020 to 7th Sept. 2021 were included. Study quality was assessed using a critical appraisal tool. Results Fifty-one studies were included. 59% (30/51) were rated as low quality, 29% (15/51) as moderate and 12% (6/51) as high-moderate. Most evidence (84%, 43/51 studies) was from high-income countries. 47% (24/51) of studies reported reductions in presentation frequency, including all 6 rated as high-moderate quality, which reported reductions of 17-56%. Settings treating higher lethality self-harm were overrepresented among studies reporting increased demand. Two of the 3 higher quality studies including study observation months from 2021 reported reductions in service utilisation. Evidence from 2021 suggested increased use of health services following self-harm among adolescents, particularly girls. Conclusions Sustained reductions in service utilisation were seen into the first half of 2021. However, evidence from low- and middle-income countries is lacking. The increased use of health services among adolescents, particularly girls, into 2021 is of concern. Our findings may reflect changes in thresholds for help seeking, use of alternative sources of support and variable effects of the pandemic across different groups.
Quantifying Viral Load in Respiratory Particles That Are Generated by Children and Adults With COVID-19 Infection - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Device: COVID-19 Aerosol Collection
Sponsor:
Massachusetts General Hospital
Recruiting
A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Booster With AZD1222, mRNA-1273, or MVC-COV1901 Against COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19 Vaccine
Interventions: Biological: Half dose of MVC-COV1901; Biological: Full dose of MVC-COV1901; Biological: AZD1222; Biological: Half dose of mRNA-1273
Sponsors: Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of Breathox Device Inhalation Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 and in the Prevention of the Use of Health Resources - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: BREATHOX 5 sessions; Drug: BREATHOX 10 sessions
Sponsors: UPECLIN HC FM Botucatu Unesp; Liita Holdings LTD
Recruiting
Exercise Fatigue Parameters and Endothelial Function in Pediatric Patients With a History of COVID-19 Infection or MIS-C - Conditions: COVID-19; MIS-C Associated With COVID-19
Interventions:
Device: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); Device: Peripheral Arterial Tonography (PAT) using the EndoPAT™ device; Diagnostic Test: Endothelin
Sponsors: Rambam Health Care Campus; The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya
Recruiting
Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TF0023 in Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults - Condition: COVID-19 Pneumonia
Intervention: Drug: TF0023
Sponsor:
Techfields Inc
Not yet recruiting
Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Biological: Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine
Sponsor: Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.
Recruiting
Short Daily Versus Conventional Hemodialysis for COVID-19 Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Other: Short daily dialysis
Sponsor:
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Completed
Non-inferiority Trial on Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: Bamlanivimab Etesevimab; Drug: Sotrovimab; Drug: Casirivimab-Imdevimab
Sponsors: Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco; Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata di Udine
Recruiting
A Prospective, Phase II Study to Evaluate Safety of 101-PGC-005 (’005) for Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Disease Along With Standard of Care - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: 101-PGC-005 (’005) + SOC; Drug: Placebo + SOC
Sponsor: 101 Therapeutics
Recruiting
To Evaluate Safety & Immunogenicity of DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1 for COVID-19 in Healthy Adults Received 2 Doses of BNT162b2 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Biological: DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1; Biological: Matching placebo
Sponsor: The University of Hong Kong
Not yet recruiting
Intranasal Heparin Treatment to Reduce Transmission Among Household Contacts of COVID 19 Positive Adults and Children - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: unfractionated heparin; Drug: 0.9%sodium chloride
Sponsors: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; University of Melbourne; Northern Hospital, Australia; Monash University; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne
Not yet recruiting
Increasing COVID-19 Testing in Chicago’s African American Testing Desserts - Condition: COVID-19 Pandemic
Intervention: Behavioral: COVID-19 Testing
Sponsor: Rush University Medical Center
Recruiting
Telehealth Exercise Training in Post-COVID Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Device: Home-based telehealth exercise training program; Behavioral: Education and self-exercise
Sponsor: Tri-Service General Hospital
Recruiting
Respiratory Physiotherapy and Neurorehabilitation in Patients With Post-covid19 Sequelae. - Condition: COVID-19 Pandemic
Intervention: Other: respiratory treatment
Sponsor: Universidad Católica de Ávila
Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Telemonitoring on Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients in COVID 19 Quarantine - Condition: COVID-19 Pandemic
Intervention: Other: tele-monitoring
Sponsor:
Yuksek Ihtisas University
Completed
Antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs to combat COVID-19: Effects on cardiac ion channels and risk of ventricular arrhythmias - Introduction: Drugs with no indication for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., drugs employed to treat COVID-19) can increase the risk of arrhythmias. Of interest, a six-fold increase in the number of arrhythmic events was reported in patients with severe COVID-19. In this study, we reviewed (i) the pro-arrhythmic action of drugs given to patients with COVID-19 infection, and (ii) the effects of inflammatory cytokines on cardiac ion channels and possible generation of arrhythmias….
Inactivation of plant and animal viruses by proanthocyanidins from Alpinia zerumbet extract - Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt and R.M. Smith belongs to the Alpinia genus in the Zingiberaceae family. In East Asia, Alpinia zerumbet has been widely used as food and traditional medicine. Previously, we identified proanthocyanidins (PACs), an anti-plant-virus molecule in A. zerumbet, using Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). Here, we found that PACs from A. zerumbet, apple, and green tea effectively inhibited ToMV infection. Additionally, the PACs from A. zerumbet…
A high throughput screening assay for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped particle entry - Effective small molecule therapies to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection are still lacking as the COVID-19 pandemic continues globally. High throughput screening assays are needed for lead discovery and optimization of small molecule SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. In this work, we have applied viral pseudotyping to establish a cell-based SARS-CoV-2 entry assay. Here, the pseudotyped particles (PP) contain SARS-CoV-2 spike in a membrane enveloping both the murine leukemia virus (MLV) gag-pol polyprotein and…
Measures to prevent nosocomial transmissions of COVID-19 based on interpersonal contact data - BACKGROUND: With the global spreading of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), many primary care medical workers have been infected, particularly in the early stages of this pandemic. Although extensive studies have explored the COVID-19 transmission patterns and (non-) pharmaceutical intervention to protect the general public, limited research has analysed the measures to prevent nosocomial transmission based upon detailed interpersonal contacts between medical staff and patients.
DPP4 inhibitors: Could they be one of the solutions for COVID-19 patients with prediabetes? - Recent reports suggest that prediabetes is a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 complications through underlying mechanisms involving undiagnosed sub-clinical inflammation. However, we remain without a clinical approach for managing COVID-19 in prediabetic cases. The subclinical inflammation in prediabetes is associated with elevated DPP4 levels and activity. DPP4 has pleiotropic actions, including glycaemia regulation and immuno-modulation. Recently, DPP4 has been recognised as a…
Mass spectrometric assays reveal discrepancies in inhibition profiles for the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease - The two SARS-CoV-2 proteases, i.e. the main protease (M pro ) and the papain-like protease (PL pro ), which hydrolyze the viral polypeptide chain giving functional non-structural proteins, are essential for viral replication and are medicinal chemistry targets. We report a high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay which directly monitors PL pro catalysis in vitro . The assay was applied to investigate the effect of reported small-molecule PL pro inhibitors and selected M pro inhibitors…
Target-Based Virtual Screening and LC/MS-Guided Isolation Procedure for Identifying Phloroglucinol-Terpenoid Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), has led to more than 5 million deaths worldwide to date. Due to the limited therapeutic options so far available, target-based virtual screening with LC/MS support was applied to identify the novel and high-content compounds 1-4 with inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells from the plant Dryopteris wallichiana. These compounds were also evaluated against SARS-CoV-2…
The Potential Mechanism of Cancer Patients Appearing More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 and Poor Outcomes: A Pan-Cancer Bioinformatics Analysis - To explore the potential mechanism of cancer patients appearing more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19 outcomes, we conducted an integrative bioinformatics analysis for SARS-CoV-2-required genes and host genes and variants related to SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 severity. BLCA, HNSC, KIRC, KIRP, LGG, PCPG, PRAD, TGCT, and THCA patients carrying rs10774671-A (OAS1) genotype may be more likely to have poor COVID-19 outcomes relative to those who carry rs10774671-G,…
Brilacidin, a COVID-19 Drug Candidate, demonstrates broad-spectrum antiviral activity against human coronaviruses OC43, 229E and NL63 through targeting both the virus and the host cell - Brilacidin, a mimetic of host defense peptides (HDPs), is currently in phase 2 clinical trial as an antibiotic drug candidate. A recent study reported that brilacidin has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by inactivating the virus. In this work, we discovered an additional mechanism of action of brilacidin by targeting heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on host cell surface. Brilacidin, but not acetyl brilacidin, inhibits the entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into multiple cell lines, and…
Efficacy of Combination Therapy with the JAK Inhibitor Baricitinib in the Treatment of COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2, spans a wide spectrum of illness. In severely ill patients, highly elevated serum levels of certain cytokines and considerable cytolytic T cell infiltrates in the lungs have been observed. These same patients may bear low to negligible viral burdens suggesting that an overactive immune response, often termed cytokine storm, contributes to the severity of COVID-19. We report the safety and efficacy of baricitinib…
Extracellular vimentin is an attachment factor that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into human endothelial cells - SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is a crucial step for virus tropism, transmission, and pathogenesis. Angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the primary entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2; however, the possible involvement of other cellular components in the viral entry has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we describe the identification of vimentin (VIM), an intermediate filament protein widely expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, as an important attachment factor for…
ERDRP-0519 inhibits feline coronavirus in vitro - CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that ERDRP is highly effective against a CoV. Experiments will be necessary to assess whether ERDRP is suitable for treatment of FIPV in vivo.
Taking leads out of nature, can nano deliver us from COVID-like pandemics? - The COVID-19 crisis has alerted the research community to re-purpose scientific tools that can effectively manage emergency pandemic situations. Researchers were never so desperate to discover a ‘magic bullet’ that has significant clinical benefits with minimal or no side effects. At the beginning of the pandemic, due to restricted access to traditional laboratory techniques, many research groups delved into computational screening of thousands of lead molecules that could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at…
4’-Modified Nucleosides for Antiviral Drug Discovery: Achievements and Perspectives - ConspectusModified nucleosides show therapeutic promise for antiviral therapies. However, issues including the emergence of drug resistance, toxicity, and coinfections have posed new challenges for nucleoside-based antiviral drug discovery, particularly in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Chemical manipulation could impact the antiviral potency, safety, and drug resistance of nucleosides. Generally, modified nucleosides are difficult to recognize by intracellular…
Quaternary Phosphonium Compounds: An Examination of Non-Nitrogenous Cationic Amphiphiles That Evade Disinfectant Resistance - Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) serve as mainstays in the formulation of disinfectants and antiseptics. However, an over-reliance and misuse of our limited QAC arsenal has driven the development and spread of resistance to these compounds, as well as co-resistance to common antibiotics. Extensive use of these compounds throughout the COVID-19 pandemic thus raises concern for the accelerated proliferation of antimicrobial resistance and demands for next- generation antimicrobials with…
IDENTIFICATION AND ALARM SYSTEM FOR FACIAL CORONA MASK USING CNN BASED IMAGE PROCESSING - tThe covid-19 epidemic is the world’s largest wake-up call for people to pay attention to their own and society’s health. One thing to keep in mind is that there is a segment of the population that has been exposed to the covid-19 virus and has generated antibodies without developing any significant illnesses and is continuing to be healthy. This indicates that a significant section of the population, even excluding the elderly, lacks the necessary bodily immunity to combat a Viral infection. As terrible as covid-19 is on a global scale, developing personal health standards and preventative measures for any pathogenic virus as a community would have spared many lives. In’this work, a camera is combined with an image processing system to recognise facial masks, which may be improved in a variety of ways. First and foremost, this method is meant to identify masks on a single person’s face. While this method is efficient in identifying someone has a mask, it does not ensure that they will wear it all of the time. The most effective update for this task is to install a camera with a wide field of view so that many individuals can be seen in the frame, and the faces of those who aren’t wearing markings can be identified, as well as the number of people and the timing. - link
ANTIMICROBIAL SANITIZING FORMULATION - An antimicrobial sanitizing formulation, comprising, i) isopropyl alcohol in the range of 0.1%- 80% w/w, ii) an emollient in the range of 0.1%-15% w/w, iii) hydrogen peroxide in the range of 0.1 0.13% w/w, iv) citric acid in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w, v) silver nitrate in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% w/w, and vi) a fragrance imparting agent in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w. - link
A HEALTH BAND WITH A BIOMETRIC MODULE AND WORKING METHOD THEREOF - The present invention discloses a health band with a biometric module and method thereof. The assembly includes, but not limited to, a plurality of sensors configured to gather health data associated with a predefined symptom of a medical condition of a user; a memory unit configured to store the data and an interface, which is configured to determine the medical condition using the data;a processing unit configured to execute the application; and a notification facility configured to provide a notification upon receiving from the interface an instruction associated with the notification, wherein the notification is associated with a drug reminder and the like. - link
RNA 검출 방법 - 본 발명은 RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - link
REUNION OF PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY WITH MXENE ADSORBED UREMIC TOXINS AND CYTOKINES: A SHILED FOR COVID-19 PATENTS - The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc throughout the world. The disease has proved to be more fatalfor patients having comorbidities like diabetics, lungs and kidney infections, etc. In the case of COVID-19 patientsI having kidney injury, the. removal of uremic toxins from the blood is hindered and there is a rapid surge in the levelj of cytokine hormone resulting in the death of the patient in a short interval of time. To resolve this issue,iI; researchers have examined that the immediate removal of these toxins can improve the condition of the patient to a |greater extent. Studies have also found the presence of SARS CoV-2 viral RNAs in the blood of COVID-19patients, which risks their life as well as impacts the blood transfusion process, especially in the case ofasymptomatic patients. Hence it is required to control the surge of cytokines and uremic toxins as well as disinfectthe blood of the patient from the virus. MXenes, having a foam-like porous structure and hydrophilic negativesurface functionalization have greater adsorption efficiency as well as superior photothermal activity. Utilizingthese properties of MXenes, the MXene membranes can be used in the dialyzer that can help in the efficient andBiuick removal of the uremic toxins, cytokines, and other impurities from the blood. Along with this the greaterTJAdsorption efficiency of MXenes to amino acids result in the trapping of the SARS CoV-2 viruses on the surface J)3>f the MXene. Many researchers as well as the WHO have proved the efficient reduction of the viral copy numbersjjvith the increase of temperature. Hence, followed by the trapping of the viruses, the implementation of"Zphotothermal Therapy can result in the inactivation and denaturation of the viruses and their respective viral RNAsBJlby the produced heat. The same process can be repeated several times to get better results. This whole process canr>oQ-esult in impurity-free and infection-free blood, that can be returned back to the body of the patient or can be!— I Sitilized for the blood transfusion process without any risk of infection.IM - link
REDUCING AND STOPPING OXYGEN WASTAGE IN HOSPITAL - In an aspect, the present invention discloses a system (200) for prevention and reduction of oxygen wastage from oxygen mask (202). The system (200) includes the oxygen mask (202) having straps; a tension sensor (204), the tension sensor being sensitive towards tension produced in the straps as the oxygen gets leakage through sides of the mask (202); a processor configured in alignment with the tension sensor (204); and a buzzer (206) in alignment with processor. - link
编码SARS-COV-2病毒C.37突变株抗原的DNA分子、DNA疫苗及应用 - 本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体而言，提供了一种编码SARS‑COV‑2病毒C.37突变株抗原的DNA分子、DNA疫苗及应用。本发明提供的SEQ ID NO：1核酸序列在真核表达系统中能够高效转录和表达，而且具有免疫原性，表现在体液免疫和细胞免疫应答中，以此作为活性成分的核酸疫苗同样具有良好的免疫原性。 - link
SARS-COV-2病毒B.1.617.2突变株DNA疫苗及应用 - 本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体而言，提供了一种编码SARS‑COV‑2病毒B.1.617.2突变株抗原的DNA分子、DNA疫苗及应用。本发明提供的SEQ ID NO：1核酸序列在真核表达系统中能够高效转录和表达，而且具有免疫原性，表现在体液免疫和细胞免疫应答中，以此作为活性成分的核酸疫苗同样具有良好的免疫原性。 - link
Hung Thanh Phan COVID-19 NEW SOLUTION - - link
A METHOD TO REVEAL MOTIF PATTERNS OF COVID-19 USING MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT - This present invention consists of different levels of computation and work in a pipeline manner i.e., input of one will be output of another and it is sequential process. Input data given in form of nucleotide sequence (DNA) of different COVID-19 patients (1). Using these nucleotide sequence perform mutation if possible and arrange them in a sequential order (2). Arrange number of nucleotide sequences of different patients in row wise and also compute number of characters in each row. (3). Compute frequency of occurrence of character in column wise and create a matrix having 4 rows and maximum sequence length will be the column size (4). Find the character like A, T, C, and G which one has maximum score and similarly find for each column to produce a final sequence (5). - link